Ingantacciyar hanya, ceton makamashi, kore, da hanyar sanyaya mai ɗaukar nauyi ita ce jagorar binciken ɗan adam mara iyaka. Kwanan nan, wani labarin kan layi a cikin mujallolin Kimiyya ya ba da rahoto game da sabon dabarun sanyi mai sassauƙa wanda ƙungiyar bincike ta hadin gwiwa na masana kimiyyar Sinawa da Amurka suka gano - "torsional heat refrigeration". Ƙungiyar binciken ta gano cewa canza juzu'i a cikin zaruruwa na iya samun sanyaya. Saboda mafi girman ingancin firji, ƙarami, da kuma amfani da kayan yau da kullun na yau da kullun, “firjin zafi mai murɗawa” da aka yi bisa wannan fasaha shima ya zama abin alfahari.
Wannan nasarar ta fito ne daga binciken hadin gwiwa na tawagar Farfesa Liu Zunfeng daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na mahimmin ilmin sinadarai na Jiha, Makarantar Pharmacy, da Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jami'ar Nankai, da tawagar Ray H. Baugman. , Farfesa na Jami'ar Jihar Texas, reshen Dallas, da Yang Shixian, Docent na Jami'ar Nankai.
Kawai rage zafin jiki kuma juya shi
Alkaluman da cibiyar bincike kan shayarwa ta duniya ta nuna, yawan wutar lantarki da na'urorin sanyaya iska da firji a duniya a halin yanzu ya kai kusan kashi 20% na wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da su a duniya. Ka'idar sanyaya iska da ake amfani da ita sosai a zamanin yau gabaɗaya tana da ingancin Carnot ƙasa da kashi 60%, kuma iskar gas ɗin da tsarin na'urar sanyaya na gargajiya ke fitarwa yana ƙara ɗumamar yanayi. Tare da karuwar buƙatun shayarwa ta ɗan adam, bincika sabbin ka'idodin firiji da mafita don ƙara haɓaka ingancin firiji, rage farashi, da rage girman kayan aikin firiji ya zama aiki na gaggawa.
Roba na halitta zai haifar da zafi lokacin da aka shimfiɗa shi, amma zafin jiki zai ragu bayan ja da baya. Ana kiran wannan al'amari "na'urar sanyaya zafin jiki na roba", wanda aka gano a farkon karni na 19. Duk da haka, don cimma sakamako mai kyau na sanyaya, roba yana buƙatar a riga an shimfiɗa shi zuwa sau 6-7 na tsawonsa sannan kuma ya janye. Wannan yana nufin cewa firiji yana buƙatar babban girma. Bugu da ƙari, ingancin Carnot na yanzu na "firiji mai zafi" yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, yawanci kusan 32%.
Ta hanyar fasaha na "torsional cooling", masu binciken sun shimfiɗa elastomer na roba mai fibrous sau biyu (100% damuwa), sa'an nan kuma sun gyara duka biyun kuma sun karkatar da shi daga wannan ƙarshen don samar da tsarin Superhelix. Daga baya, rashin jujjuyawa da sauri ya faru, kuma zafin zafin robar ya ragu da digiri 15.5 na ma'aunin celcius.
Wannan sakamakon ya fi tasirin sanyaya ta amfani da fasaha na 'elastic thermal refrigeration': robar da aka shimfiɗa sau 7 ya fi tsayi kwangila kuma yana kwantar da hankali zuwa digiri 12.2 Celsius. Duk da haka, idan robar ya karkata kuma ya tsawaita, sannan a sake shi lokaci guda, 'na'urar sanyaya zafin jiki' na iya yin sanyi zuwa digiri 16.4 na ma'aunin celcius. Liu Zunfeng ya ce a karkashin wannan yanayin sanyaya, adadin roba na 'torsional thermal refrigeration' ya kasance kashi biyu cikin uku ne kawai na na'urar sanyaya wutar lantarki, kuma ingancinsa na Carnot zai iya kaiwa kashi 67%, wanda ya zarce ka'idojin iska. matsawa firiji.
Hakanan ana iya sanyaya layin kamun kifi da layin yadi
Masu bincike sun gabatar da cewa har yanzu akwai sauran daki don ingantawa a cikin roba a matsayin abu na "torsional heat refrigeration" abu. Misali, roba yana da laushi mai laushi kuma yana buƙatar karkatarwa da yawa don cimma mahimmancin sanyaya. Saurin canja wurin zafi yana jinkirin, kuma ana buƙatar la'akari da batutuwa kamar maimaita amfani da dorewar kayan. Sabili da haka, bincika wasu kayan "firiji mai sanyi" ya zama muhimmiyar jagorar ci gaba ga ƙungiyar bincike.
Abin sha'awa shine, mun gano cewa tsarin 'tsarin sanyaya zafi' shima ya shafi kamun kifi da layin masaku. A baya, mutane ba su fahimci cewa ana iya amfani da waɗannan kayan yau da kullun don sanyaya ba, ”in ji Liu Zunfeng.
Masu binciken sun fara murɗa waɗannan tsayayyen zaruruwan polymer kuma sun kafa tsari mai ƙarfi. Miƙewa helix ɗin na iya ɗaga zafin jiki, amma bayan an ja da helix ɗin, zafin jiki yana raguwa.
Gwajin ya gano cewa ta yin amfani da fasahar “torsional heat cooling”, waya da aka yi masa suturar polyethylene na iya haifar da raguwar zafin jiki na digiri 5.1 a ma’aunin celcius, yayin da kayan ke shimfidawa kai tsaye kuma a sake su ba tare da an ga canjin yanayin ba. Ka'idar 'tsaftacewa zafi mai zafi' na irin wannan nau'in fiber na polyethylene shine cewa yayin aikin ƙaddamarwa, ƙuƙwalwar ciki na helix yana raguwa, yana haifar da canje-canje a makamashi. Liu Zunfeng ya ce, wadannan abubuwa masu wuyar gaske sun fi na roba dorewa, kuma yawan sanyaya ya zarce na roba koda kuwa gajere ne.
Masu bincike sun kuma gano cewa yin amfani da fasahar "torsional heat cooling" zuwa nickel titanium siffar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da mafi girma ƙarfi da kuma saurin canja wurin zafi yana haifar da kyakkyawan aikin sanyaya, kuma kawai ana buƙatar ƙananan juzu'i don cimma sakamako mafi girma na sanyaya.
Misali, ta hanyar karkatar da wayoyi na nickel titanium gami guda hudu tare, matsakaicin raguwar zafin jiki bayan cirewa zai iya kaiwa digiri 20.8 ma'aunin ma'aunin celcius, kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin ma'aunin zafi zai iya kaiwa digiri 18.2 ma'aunin celcius. Wannan ya dan sama sama da ma'aunin sanyi na Celsius 17.0 da aka samu ta amfani da fasahar 'firijin zafi'. Zagayen firji ɗaya yana ɗaukar kusan daƙiƙa 30 kawai, ”in ji Liu Zunfeng.
Ana iya amfani da sabuwar fasaha a cikin firiji a nan gaba
Dangane da fasaha na "torsional heat refrigeration", masu bincike sun kirkiro samfurin firiji wanda zai iya kwantar da ruwa mai gudana. Sun yi amfani da wayoyi guda uku na nickel titanium a matsayin kayan sanyaya, suna jujjuya juyi na 0.87 a cikin santimita don cimma yanayin sanyi na 7.7 digiri Celsius.
Wannan binciken har yanzu yana da sauran rina a kaba kafin tallan da 'karkatattun firji masu zafi', tare da dama da kalubale, "in ji Ray Bowman. Liu Zunfeng ya yi imanin cewa, sabuwar fasahar rejista da aka gano a cikin wannan binciken ta fadada wani sabon fanni a fannin na'urar sanyaya. Zai samar da sabuwar hanya don rage yawan amfani da makamashi a cikin filin firiji.
Wani al'amari na musamman a cikin "firiji mai zafi na torsional" shine cewa sassa daban-daban na fiber suna nuna yanayin zafi daban-daban, wanda ke faruwa ta hanyar rarraba lokaci-lokaci na helix da aka samar ta hanyar karkatar da fiber tare da tsawon tsawon fiber. Masu binciken sun lullube saman nickel titanium alloy waya tare da rufin Thermochromism don yin "ƙarashin sanyaya" launi mai canza launi. A lokacin jujjuyawar tsari da rashin karkatarwa, fiber ɗin yana jujjuya canza launi. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman sabon nau'in abin ji don ma'aunin gani mai nisa na murɗa fiber. Misali, ta hanyar lura da canje-canjen launi tare da ido tsirara, ana iya sanin juzu'i nawa kayan suka yi a nesa, wanda shine firikwensin sauƙi. "Liu Zunfeng ya ce bisa ga ka'idar" torsional zafi sanyaya ", wasu zaruruwa kuma za a iya amfani da na fasaha launi canza yadudduka.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023